1. jātulu, raṃgulu.

2. jātulu –

“brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, viśāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ ca paraṃtapa |

karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāva prabhavarguṇaiḥ ||” (śrīmadbhagavadgīta - 18 - 41)

(brāhmaṇulu, kṣatriyulu, vaiśyulu, śūdrulu ani varṇamulu nālugu. vāri svabhāvamuvalana kaligina guṇamulanu baṭṭi vārivāri karmalu nirṇayiṃcabaḍinavi)

3. “cāturvarṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇakarma vibhāgaśaḥ |

tasya kartāramapi māṃ viddhyakartāramavyayaṃ ||” (śrīmadbhagavadgīta - 4 - 13)

(guṇamulanu baṭṭi, karmalanu baṭṭi nālugu varṇamulu nā cēta sṛṣṭiṃpabaḍinavi. avyayuḍanu, akartanu ayinanu - ē paniyunu cēyanivāḍanainanu vāṭiki nēnē kartanu - vāṭini cēsinanu nēnu akartanu ani telusukonumu)

“guṇānāmapi vaiṣamyāccharīrāraṃbha kāriṇāṃ |

na sarvē tulyaśīlāḥ syurityāha prakṛtēḥ patiḥ |

catvāra ēva varṇāstē ṣvajñaḥ svārthē vidhānataḥ |

guṇakarma vibhāgēna varṇāstē brāhaṃaṇādayaḥ |

catvārō nirmitāḥ sargēmayā bhagavatā yataḥ |

satva prathānā yē viprā stēṣāṃ karmaśamādikaṃ |

satvagauṇa rajōmukhyāḥ nṛpāḥ śauryādi karmiṇaḥ |

tamaḥ prathānāṃ śūdrāstatkarma śuśrūṣaṇādikaṃ |

tadidaṃ mānuṣē lōkē cāturvarṇyaṃ vyavasthitaṃ |

ēvaṃ vaiṣamya sṛṣṭēstē kartṛtvātta tphalēnaca |

saṃbaṃdhō durnivāraḥsyādityataḥ prāha mādhavaḥ |

vyavahāra dṛśā tasya cāturvarṇyasya sarvaśaḥ |

kartāraṃ saṃ tamapi māṃ paramārthadṛśā (a)vyayaṃ |

viddhyakartāramakṣīṇa sabhāva manahaṃ kṛtiṃ |

nirvikāratayā naṃtaṃ mā jñātvā mucyatē bhayāt ||“. (gītābhāvaprakāśamu - 4 - 85 to 91)

(satvamu, rajassu, tamassu, ani prakṛti guṇamulu mūḍu. iviyē śarīramunaku kāraṇamulu. ivi vēruvērugā, heccu takkuvagā nuṃḍuṭavalana prāṇulaṃdaru vēruvēru guṇamulugalavārugā nunnāru - aṃdarū okē śīlamugalavāru kāru. bhagavaṃtuḍanaina nēnu sṛṣṭi prāraṃbhamulō brāhmaṇulu modalagu nālugu varṇamulanu vārivāri guṇamulanu baṭṭi, karmalanu baṭṭi sṛjiṃcitini. vārilō satvaguṇamu pradhānamugā galavāru brāhmaṇulu. vārikarma śamamu, damamu modalagunavi. satvaguṇamu gauṇamugānuṃḍi rajōguṇamu mukhyamugā nuṃḍuvāru kṣatriyulu. vāri karma śauryamu modalagunavi. tamōguṇamu gauṇamugā nuṃḍi rajōguṇamu mukhyamugā nuṃḍuvāru vaiśyulu. vāri karma kṛṣi (vyavasāyamu), modalagunavi. tamōguṇamu pradhānamugā galavāru śūdrulu. vāri karma śuśrūṣa (sēva cēyuṭa) modalagunavi. iṭṭi viṣama sṛṣṭi dāni prakāramu phalamu niccuṭanu baṭṭi bhagavaṃtuniki uṃḍavalasina kartṝtvamu lēdu - vyavahārarītyā karmavale kanabaḍinanu bhagavaṃtuḍu nirvikāruḍu, nirahaṃkāruḍu - akṣīṇasvabhāvamu galavāḍaguṭacēta paramārtha sṛṣṭilō kartakāḍu.)

4. cāturvarṇyaṃ catvāra ēvarṇāścāturvarṇyaṃ, mayā īśvarēṇa sṛṣṭamutpāditaṃ -“brāhmaṇō (a)sya mukhamāsīt”

(ṛgvēdamu - 10 - 9 - 12)

ityādi śratēḥ. guṇakarma vibhāgaśaḥ - guṇa vibhāgaśaḥ, karma vibhāvaśaḥ - guṇa vibhāgaśaḥ, karma vibhāgaśaśca, satva prathānasya brāhaṃaṇasya śamōdamastapaḥ ityādīni karmāṇi. satvōpa sarjana rajaḥ prathānasya kṣatriyasya śaurya tējaḥ prabhṛtīni karmāṇi. tama upasarjana rajaḥ prathāna sya vaiśyasya kṛṣyādīni karmāṇi raja upasarjana tamaḥ prathānasya śūdrasya śuśrūṣaiva karmētyēvaṃ guṇakarma vibhāgaśaścāturvarṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭamityarthaḥ ||.

(cāturvarṇyamu anagā nālugu varṇamulu bhagavaṃtunicēta sṛṣṭiṃcabaḍinavi - “ā parabrahmayokka mukhamunuṃḍi brāhmaṇuḍu puṭṭenu -”ani śruti ceppucunnadi. parabrahma ā nālugu varṇamulanu guṇakarma vibhāgamu cēta sṛṣṭiṃcenu - anagā, guṇavibhāgamucēta, karmavibhāgamu cētanu sṛṣṭiṃcenu. guṇamulu anagā satvamu, rajassu, tamamu. satvaguṇamu prathānamugāgala sātvikuḍaina brāhmaṇuni karmalu śamamu, damamu, tapassu modalagunavi. satvaguṇamu takkuvagānuṃḍi (apradhānamugānuṃḍi) dānini aṇaciyuṃcina rajōguṇamu prathānamugāgala kṣatriyuni karmalu śauryamu, tējassu modalagunavi. tamōguṇamu apradhānamai rajōguṇamu prathānamugānuṃḍu vaiśyuni kērmalu kṛṣi - vyavasāyamu - modalagunavi. rajōguṇamu aprathānamugānuṃḍi tamōguṇamu prathānamugānuṃḍu śūdruni karma pai mūḍu varṇamulavāriki śuśrūṣa cēyuṭa - ani paina ceppina prakāramugā vārivāri prākṛtika guṇamulanu baṭṭi, vāruvāru cēyu karmalanu baṭṭi varṇamulu paramātmacē sṛṣṭiṃcabaḍinavi.)

5. “guṇaiḥ pṛthak utpattiḥ - satvēna vipraḥ, satvarajōbhyāṃ, kṣatriyaḥ, rajastameūbhyāṃ vaiśyaḥ, kēvalaṃ tamasā śūdraḥ iti.

(satvarajastamōguṇamula cētanē sṛṣṭiyagucunnadi - satvaguṇamuvalana brāhmaṇuḍu, satvarajōguṇamulu reṃḍiṃṭivalananu kṣatriyulu, rajastamōguṇamulavalana vaiśyulu, kēvalamu tamōguṇamuvalana śūdruḍu)

6. svabhāva prabhavaiḥ prakṛti prabhavaiḥ satvarajastamōbhiḥ guṇaiḥ svakāryānu rūpēṇa śamādīni varṇakarmāṇi pravibhakāni, brāhmaṇādīnāṃ śāstrēṇa vihitāni. śāstrēṇāpi brāhmaṇā dīnāṃ satvādi guṇa viśēṣāpēkṣa yaiva śamādīni karmāṇi pravibhaktāni, na guṇā napēkṣayā iti ucyatē”

(śrīśaṃkaraḥ)

(svabhāvamuvalana kaligina, anagā, vārivāri prakṛtivalana kaligina satvarajastamōguṇamulacēta vārivāri kāryamulaku anukūlamaina guṇamulacēta śamamu, damamu modalagunavi varṇamulaku karmalugā vibhajiṃca baḍinavi. brāhmaṇulu modalaguvāriki śamadamādulu śāstramulō vibhajiṃcabaḍina karmalu - aṃdulōnu viśēṣiṃci vārivāri satvarajastamōguṇamulanu baṭṭiyē śāstramulō karmalu vidhiṃcabaḍinavi. aṃtiyēkāni guṇamulaku saṃbaṃdhamu lēkuṃḍunaṭlugā vidhiṃcabaḍi yuṃḍalēdu).

7. caturṇāṃ varṇānāṃ vṛttibhiḥ saha kartavyānāṃ śāstra vihitānāṃ yajñādi karmaṇāṃ pradarśanārthaṃ uktaṃ - yajñādayaḥ hi trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃsādhāraṇāḥ śamādayōpi trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ - mumukṣūṇāṃ sādhāraṇāḥ brāhmaṇasyatu satvōdrēkasya svābhāvikatvēna śamadamā dayaḥ sukhōpādānāḥ iti kṛtvā tasya śamādayaḥ svabhāvajaṃ karma ityuktaṃ, kṣatriya vaiśyayōstu svataḥ. rajastamōpādānatvēna śamadāmādayō duḥkhōpādānāḥ iti kṛtvā natatkarma ityuktaṃ. brāhmaṇasyatu vṛttiḥ vyājanādhyāpana pratigrahāḥ ; kṣatriyasya janapada paripālanaṃ, vaiśyasya ca kṛṣyādayō yadhōktāḥ, śūdrasya tu kartavyaṃ vṛttiśca pūrvavarṇatraya paricaryaiva (śrīmān rāmānujaḥ)

(nālugu varṇamulaku vārivāri vṛttulatōsaha vāru cēyavalasina karmalu śāstramulō vidhiṃcabaḍinavi. yajñamulu modalagu karmalu modaṭi mūḍu varṇamulaku - brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśyalaku, - sādhāraṇamulu. śamadamādulu mūḍu varṇamulaku mōkṣakāmulaku sādhāraṇa karmalu - brāhmaṇunaku satvaguṇamu heccugā nuṃḍuṭavalana svābhāvikamuga śamadamādulu sukhamunu kaligiṃcunavi. aṃducēta vāriki ā karmalu svābhāvikamugā cēyu karmalu ani ceppabaḍinavi. kṣatriyulaku, vaiśyulaku rajastamōguṇamulavalana kalugu svabhāvamu kalavāraguṭacēta ā karmalu cēyuṭa kaṣṭamaguṭacēta ceppabaḍiyuṃḍalēdu. brāhmaṇa vṛtti vyājana, adhyāpana pratigrahamulu; kṣatriyunaku vṛtti prajalanu paripāliṃcuṭa, vaiśyulaku vyavasāyamu modalagunavi, śūdrunaku pai mūḍu varṇamulaku paricarya cēyuṭa.)

8. ka. dharaṇī divijulu śrutulunu

naravara yammēṭi mukhamunaṃ boḍamuṭa bhū

suruḍakhila varṇamulakun

guruḍun mukhyuṃḍu nayye, gaṇaratnanidhī.

“ka. dhara brāhmāṇādhikamu da

skarabādala boṃda gaikonikāvaṃ

buruṣōttamu bāhuvulan

naranādha kulaṃbu puṭṭe naya tatvanidhī”.

“ka. gaṇutiṃpaga gṛṣigōra

kṣaṇa vāṇijyādi karmakalitaṃbuganā

guṇanidhi yūruvulaṃduṃ |

braṇutiṃpaga vaiśyajāti brabhāvaṃbayyen”.

tē. tiviri sēvaka dharmulai dēvadēvu

padamulanu śūdrasaṃtatulu dayamairi

vīralaṃdaṟu damatama vihita karma

malara jēyucu - - -. (śrīmadāṃdhramahābhāgavatamu - 3 - 6 - 216 to 220)

9. “va. saṃkara jātulayina rajaka, carmakāraka, naṭa,buraḍaka, kaivartaka, mlēcca, bhilluragu naṃtyajātulēḍvurakunu, jaṃḍāla, pulkasa, mātaṃga jātulakunu āyā kulāgataṃbulayina vṛttulu caurya hiṃsādulu varjiṃci saṃcariṃpa valayunu. mānavulaku pratiyugaṃbuna naisargikaṃbulayina dharmaṃbulu reṃḍu lōkaṃbulaṃdunu sukhakaraṃbulani vēdavidulaina peddalu ceppuduru. satva svabhāvaṃbutōḍa neppuḍu tappaka nija vaṃśācāra vihita karmaṃbuna vartiṃcu naruṃḍu mellana svābhāvika karmaparatvaṃbu viḍici muktinoṃdu. jāti mātraṃbuna puruṣuniki varṇaṃbu nirdēśiṃpaṃ banilēdu. śamadamādi varṇalakṣaṇa vyavahāraṃbula ganavalayu”.

(śrīmadāṃdhramahābhāgavatamu - 7 - 11 - 419)

10. “rṇāśramāśca svakarmaniṣṭāḥ prētya; karmaphalamanubhūya, tataḥ śēṣēṇa viśiṣṭadēśa jāti kuladharma āyuḥ śrutavittavṛtta sukha mēdhasō janmaprati padyaṃtē ||”. (gautama dharmasūtramulu - 11 - 26)

(varṇāśrama dharmamula niṣṭatō avalaṃbhiṃcuvāru canipōyinatarvāta, karmaphalamanubhaviṃci tarvāta migilina karmaphalamugā viśiṣṭamaina dēśamunaṃdu, viśiṣṭa kulamunaṃdu, āyurdāyamu, viśiṣṭadhanamu, sukhamu, buddhi galajanmala noṃduduru.)

11. “caturvarṇa mayō lōkaḥ” (raghuvaṃśamu)

(ī lōkamu nālugu varṇamulavāritōnu niṃḍi yunnadi)

12. varṇyaṃtē kapilāruṇā pīta kṛṣṇa varṇaiḥ nirūpyaṃtē iti varṇāḥ.

(kapila, aruṇa, pīta, kṛṣṇa varṇamulacēta nirūpiṃcabaḍucunnavi, kanuka varṇamulani ceppabaḍucunnavi. raṃgulalō telupu, eṟupu, nalupu, mukhyamainavi. migilina raṃgulu ī mūḍu raṃgulu miśramiṃcuṭavalana kaliginavē - (eg. If red and yellow together be, orange is the colour we see). mukhyamaina ī mūḍu raṃgulu prakṛtiyokka mūḍu guṇamulayina satva rajastamamulanu teliyacēyunu - telupu satvaguṇamunu, eṟupu rajōguṇamunu, nalupu tamōguṇamunu sūciṃcunu.)

(varṇamu anu padamunaku - māṭaku - vyutpatyarthamu ī kriṃdavidhamugā nunnadi - vṛ = variṃcuṭa, ennukonuṭa, kōrukonuṭa. ‘raṃ’ = ramaṇa. ī reṃḍu kalisina ‘varṇa’ magunu.- dīni yarthamu vārivāri svabhāvamunanusariṃci ennukoni lēka kōrukoni teccukonunadi. prāṇulu ēyē raṃgulaṃdu abhimānamu kaligiyuṃdurō āyā raṃgulaku saṃbaṃdhiṃcina triguṇamula pāḷḷatō kūḍina janmanu poṃducunnāru. ī varṇa bhēdamu ceṭlalōnu, pakṣulalōnu, paśuvulalōnu, mānavulalōnu kūḍa kanabaḍucunnadi, dīnini baṭṭi sṛṣṭi aṃtaṭilōnu kūḍa kanabaḍucunnadi - “yadagnē rōhitaṃ rūpaṃ tējastadrūpaṃ, yacchuklaṃ tadapāṃ, yatkṛṣṇaṃ tadanyasya” (chāṃdōgyōpaniṣat). (agniyaṃdu kanabaḍu raktavarṇamu, tējassu, telupu jalamu yokka rūpamu, nalupu itaramu bhūmi yokka nalupu)

13. “varṇyaṃtē iti varṇāḥ dravya dharmāḥ -” (dravyamu ē raṃgu galadō varṇiṃpabaḍucunnadi kanuka varṇamulu)

14. varṇamulanagā akṣaramulu - a kāramu modalu kṣakāramuvaraku gala akṣaramulu - “akṣāṃta varṇāśrayaṃ”

(śrīrāmakarṇāmṛtaṃ - 2 - 15)

(akāramu modalu kṣakāramu varaku gala akṣaramulanāśrayiṃci yuṃḍuvāḍu - lēka akāramu modalu kṣakāramuvaraku gala akṣaramulakāśrayamainavāḍu) “akṣāṃtavarṇaṃ” (śrīrāmakarṇāmṛtaṃ - 2 - 3)

akāramu modalu kṣakāramuvaraku gala akṣararūpamainavāḍu - akṣaramulu tānē ayinavāḍu. akṣaramulanniṃṭilōnu bhagavadaṃśa - bhagavaṃtuni śakti yunnadani dīnivalana teliyucunnadi. prati akṣaramulōnu bhagavaṃtuni śakti yunnadikanuka vāṭi kaliyuṭavalana ērpaḍina padamulaku, ā padamulatō kūḍina maṃtramulaku bhagavaṃtuni śakti kaladaniyu kūḍa teliyucunnadi. aṃducētanē konni maṃtramulu - āśīrvacanamukāni, śāpamu gāni dāni phalitamu niccucunnavi - iṭlu cēyuṭaku vāṭinuccariṃcuvāri cittaśuddhi, vāksuddhi tōḍpaḍavalayunu “ā iti brahma”, “ōṃ ityēkākṣaraṃ brahma”, “kaṃ brahma”.

15. akārādiḥ triṣaṣṭiḥ - aṣṭau sthānāni varṇānā muraḥ, kaṃṭhaśśirastadhā |

jihvāmūlaṃca, daṃtāśca nāsikōṣṭauca tāluca ||.

(varṇamulaku - akṣaramulaku, avi palukuṭaku sthānamulu enimidi - vakṣasthalamu, kaṃṭhamu, śirassu, jihvagramu, daṃtamulu, nāsika, jīṣṭamu, tāluvu - kaṃṭhyamulu (kavargu), tālavyamulu (cavargu), daṃtyamulu (tavargu), aṃtaḥsthamulu (yaralava), ūṣmamulu (śaṣasaha), anunāsikamulu (ṅa ña ṇa na ma); kaṃṭhatāyivulu (e ē ai), kaṃṭōṣṭhamulu (o, ō, au). śarīramulōni kuṃḍalinī śakti vāyuvutō kalisi ā yā sthalamulanuṃḍi vaccunapuḍu ā akṣaramulu palukabaḍucunnavi. (linguals, dentals, paletals, etc.)